Cognition refers to the way we learn about and understand the world, using thoughts, experiences and our senses. Some children and young people with CP who have an intellectual disability experience cognitive impairment.

Like other symptoms of CP, cognitive impairment needs to be managed. Research has shown that those who struggle with cognitive impairment may also have more general health concerns.

Schools should be able to assess the cognitive abilities of children and young people with CP, and provide resources to support them in their learning. It is important that the school does not make assumptions about their cognitive abilities based on their physical impairments.

Common cognitive issues that children and young people with CP can experience at school include needing more time to learn a skill than their peers. Children with CP can be good at some subjects, while having problems with others. A routine is often important to them and they can struggle to adapt to new situations, such as moving from primary school to senior school.

Some of the most common signs of cognitive impairment in children and young people with CP include:

• a delay in language development
• difficulties with communication – speaking and responding to others
• struggling to focus on tasks – a short attention span
• difficulties learning to read and count
• difficulties with sensory demands – an inability to understand what is being seen and heard
• emotional problems – including anger, anxiety or depression.

If you have concerns about your child’s learning or cognitive development, or you are unsure if they have cognitive issues, talk to your healthcare team about getting an assessment and developing a plan to help support your child. It’s important to involve a psychologist, neuropsychologist or developmental paediatrician who is experienced in assessing children with CP.

There are techniques and activities you can use to improve learning and cognitive development for children and young people with CP. Special education programs can work well and sometimes, finding a tutor who has experience working with people with disabilities, can help them manage their subjects and do very well. Often, they will go on to further education after school.

It is important to remember that playing and leisure activities is vital for every child’s development. Due to their physical difficulties, children and young people with CP may have limited ability to explore the world. Spending time in an environment that encourages play and recreation means they can enjoy stimulating activities without the pressure of having to achieve something.